This dataset supports an article on spatial inequalities in school-leaver attainment across rural and urban Scotland. It contains processed quantitative data combining Scottish Government school-leaver attainment statistics, the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, the Scottish Government Urban–Rural Classification, and 2011 Data Zone spatial information. The dataset was created to examine how educational attainment varies by deprivation, rurality and neighbourhood context, including spatial clustering between neighbouring Data Zones. The deposit includes cleaned analysis datasets, a multilevel/spatial model dataset, spatial outputs, codebooks, a missing-data summary, a file manifest, and analysis code.