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          <family>Giovannini</family>
          <given>Daniel</given>
        </name>
      </item>
      <item>
        <name>
          <family>Romero</family>
          <given>Jacquiline</given>
        </name>
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      <item>
        <name>
          <family>Potoček</family>
          <given>Václav</given>
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          <family>Ferenczi</family>
          <given>Gergely</given>
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          <given>Fiona</given>
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          <family>Barnett</family>
          <given>Stephen</given>
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        <name>
          <family>Faccio</family>
          <given>Daniele</given>
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    <title>Spatially structured photons that travel in free space slower than the speed of light</title>
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    <abstract>That the speed of light in free space is constant is a cornerstone of modern physics. However, light beams have finite transverse size, which leads to a modification
of their wavevectors resulting in a change to their phase and group velocities. We study the group velocity of single photons by measuring a change in their arrival time that results from changing the beam’s transverse spatial structure. Using time-correlated photon pairs we show a reduction of the group velocity of photons in both a Bessel beam and photons in a focused Gaussian beam. In both cases, the delay is several micrometers over a propagation distance of the order of 1 m. Our work highlights that, even in free space, the invariance of the speed of light only applies to plane waves.</abstract>
    <date>2015-03-21</date>
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    <publisher>University of Glasgow</publisher>
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        <award_no>1</award_no>
        <project_name>Challenges in Orbital Angular Momentum</project_name>
        <investigator_name>Miles Padgett</investigator_name>
        <funder_name>Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)</funder_name>
        <funder_code>EP/I012451/1</funder_code>
        <investigator_dept>P&amp;A - PHYSICS &amp; ASTRONOMY</investigator_dept>
      </item>
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        <project_code>62450</project_code>
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        <project_name>TWISTS - Twists &amp; more: the complex shape of light</project_name>
        <investigator_name>Miles Padgett</investigator_name>
        <funder_name>European Research Council (ERC)</funder_name>
        <funder_code>340507</funder_code>
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        <project_name>Challenges in Orbital Angular Momentum</project_name>
        <investigator_name>Miles Padgett</investigator_name>
        <funder_name>Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)</funder_name>
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        <url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa3035</url>
        <type>article</type>
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    <retention_date>2034-11-30</retention_date>
    <retention_action>D</retention_action>
    <retention_comment>2025-02-11 AA Original retention date approaching. Decision taken to extend 10 years from last access date and Review. 72 downloads and 1,336 hits.</retention_comment>
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        <title>Spatially structured photons that travel in free space slower than the speed of light</title>
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