The data in this set are organised into the following folders: Figure 2 folder: This contains the data plotted in Figure 2 (a) - (i) of the manuscript. The simulation data are provided in *.mat format and the experimental data is provided in *.asc format. This is the data for the experimental diffraction patterns and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations for the degenerate polarization states. Figure 3 folder: This contains the data plotted in Figure 3 (a) - (d) of the manuscript. The data is provided in Excel *.xlsx format. This is the data generated from using the intensity of the diffracted spots to extract the Stokes parameters and comparing with analytical Stokes’ values.