The following data was used to analyse the experimental characterisation of mechanical loss, thermal conductivity, X-ray diffraction, and tensile strength of laser welded sapphire rods. These datasets are split into 4 relevant folders. The mechanical loss folder contains the recorded ringdown for each mode. This ringdown data is individually analysed, and cropped if appropriate, to calculate the loss. If a ringdown is cropped to remove noise, the cropped plot is available and cropping coordinates are recorded. Any dubious ringdowns are recorded in the spreadsheet, but not used in the data presented. The final data presented for each mode measurement can be found in the spreadsheet 'allmodeXdayX_no_reds_no_maybes'. The raw data for the thermal conductivity can be found in labelled spreadsheets for certain temperature steps. The finalised data with errors is compiled in one spreadsheet for each sample, as well as the text file. The x-ray diffraction data consists mainly of images in individual word documents. The tensile strength data for each data set (ground surface, polished mechanically, polished with laser) contains three spreadsheets containing sample diameter, and failure load. In addition, there are also spreadsheets containing the diameter profile information.